Learning
PSLE Science
Interactive notes for every PSLE Science theme — try the science, then own the keywords.
42 interactive notes · 5 themes · Free
Diversity
7 notes
DiversityCharacteristics of Living Things
The four things every living thing does — grow, need air, food and water, reproduce, and respond to change — and how to tell living from non-living.
DiversityClassification of Animals
How animals are sorted into mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles and insects by their body covering, breathing and young — including the tricky exceptions.
DiversityClassification of Plants
The two main plant groups — flowering plants that make seeds, and non-flowering plants that spread by spores — and how to tell them apart.
DiversityFungi
Why mushrooms, mould and yeast are not plants, how they feed and break down dead matter, and which fungi are useful or harmful.
DiversityBacteria
Microscopic living things found almost everywhere: the helpful kinds behind yogurt and decay, and the harmful kinds that cause disease.
DiversityProperties of Materials
The five properties that decide what a material is used for — whether it floats, absorbs water, bends, holds weight, or lets light through.
DiversityTypes of Materials
Common materials like wood, metal, glass, plastic and fabric — which are natural or man-made, and why each suits a particular job.
Cycles
11 notes
CyclesLife Cycle of Plants
The repeating stages of a plant's life — seed, germination, seedling, adult, flower and fruit — and why the cycle begins again.
CyclesLife Cycle of Animals
The stages animals pass through as they grow up, and the difference between complete metamorphosis, incomplete metamorphosis and no metamorphosis.
CyclesMatter and Its Three States
The three states of matter — solid, liquid and gas — explained through their particles, and how heating and cooling change one into another.
CyclesMeasuring Mass and Volume
How to measure the mass of an object with a balance and the volume of an irregular object by water displacement, with the right units.
CyclesReproduction in Plants
The parts of a flower, how pollination and fertilisation turn a flower into a fruit, and the ways seeds are dispersed to new places.
CyclesReproduction in Humans
How a new human life begins at fertilisation, develops in the womb over nine months, and continues the human life cycle.
CyclesPassing Down Characteristics from Parents to Young
Which traits are inherited from parents and which are not, and why young resemble — but never exactly match — their parents.
CyclesWater and Its States
How water changes between ice, liquid and vapour at fixed temperatures — melting at 0°C, boiling at 100°C — and how to read a heating or cooling graph.
CyclesThe Water Cycle
How water moves between the Earth and the sky through evaporation, condensation and precipitation, in a cycle that never stops.
CyclesCooling Effects of Evaporation
Why evaporation makes things feel cold, and the factors — heat, wind, surface area and humidity — that speed it up or slow it down.
CyclesExamples of Condensation in Everyday Life
Why cold surfaces like a drink can or a mirror turn wet: water vapour in the air cooling into droplets, and where that water really comes from.
Systems
10 notes
SystemsThe Human Body Systems
How organs group into systems — digestive, respiratory, circulatory and more — and how those systems work together to keep the body running.
SystemsHuman Digestive System
The journey food takes from mouth to large intestine, where it is broken down, and where digested food and water are absorbed.
SystemsPlant System
The four main parts of a plant — roots, stem, leaves and flowers — and the job each one does for the whole plant.
SystemsPlant Transport System
How water travels from the roots up the stem to the leaves, and how transpiration pulls more water up as it evaporates.
SystemsHuman Respiratory System
How the nose, windpipe and lungs work together to bring oxygen into the blood and push carbon dioxide out, breath by breath.
SystemsHuman Circulatory System
How the heart pumps blood in a loop through the lungs and body, and what the blood carries to and from every cell.
SystemsCell System
The microscopic building blocks of every living thing, how plant and animal cells differ, and the job each cell part does.
SystemsThe Electrical System
What an electric circuit needs to work, how a switch opens and closes it, and why bulbs behave differently in series and parallel.
SystemsElectromagnets
How a coil of wire around an iron core becomes a magnet you can switch on and off, and what makes it stronger or weaker.
SystemsUses of Electromagnets in Everyday Life
Where electromagnets are used in everyday life — from scrapyard cranes to electric bells — and why a magnet you can switch on and off is so useful.
Interactions
8 notes
InteractionsMagnets
Which materials a magnet attracts, why every magnet has a north and south pole, and how like poles repel while unlike poles attract.
InteractionsForces
What a force is, and the everyday pushes and pulls — friction, gravity, elastic and magnetic — that start, stop and reshape moving things.
InteractionsThe Environment
How living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors like light, water and temperature shape a habitat and the organisms that can live there.
InteractionsLiving Together
The different ways organisms affect one another — predator and prey, competition for resources, and cooperation.
InteractionsWhat is a Community?
The difference between three keywords students often mix up — habitat, population and community — and how they fit together.
InteractionsFood Chains and Food Webs
How energy passes from producers to consumers along a food chain, and how linked chains form a web where every organism depends on the others.
InteractionsMan's Impact on the Environment
How human actions harm the environment through pollution, deforestation and over-hunting — and the conservation actions that help protect it.
InteractionsAdaptations
The special features and behaviours — from a camel's humps to a cactus's waxy skin — that help animals and plants survive in their particular habitat.
Energy
6 notes
EnergyLight Energy
How light travels in straight lines from a source, reflects off surfaces so we can see objects, and forms shadows when something blocks its path.
EnergyHeat Energy
How heat flows from hotter to colder objects, why metals conduct heat while wood and plastic insulate, and how heating and cooling make matter expand and contract.
EnergyPhotosynthesis
How green plants make their own food using sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll, and what the process produces.
EnergyRespiration
How every living cell releases energy from glucose and oxygen — day and night — and how respiration differs from breathing and photosynthesis.
EnergyEnergy Sources
Where our energy comes from — the Sun, renewable sources that never run out, and non-renewable fossil fuels that one day will.
EnergyThe Forms and Conversion of Energy
The seven forms energy can take — light, heat, sound, electrical, kinetic, potential and chemical — and how everyday devices convert one into another.